Uniting has published a Literature Review. Here in brief are the conclusions:
Successful programs for young parents focus on helping young mothers develop self-efficacy as capable parents and secure mother-infant attachment. Case management is a core component of effective programs and may be the most critical form of assistance. Research also idemnifies the following key elements of effective approaches:
- start early, during pregnancy
- use a multi-disciplinary and a comprehensive approach which combines support across multiple life areas including health, housing, financial support, and connections to education and employment
- make it easy for young parents to access a range of services through service hubs and assertive outreach to access to address access barriers, for example, by providing child care and transport
- focus on building protective factors which can help to develop resilience – for example, self-efficacy, problem-solving and relational skills, opportunities for social interaction and involvement in positive activities
- pay attention to child and adult physical and mental health needs
- prioritise relationship support – younger women are at greater risk of experiencing domestic violence during pregnancy and early motherhood
- use a multi-generational approach which works with children and adults together and acknowledges the significant role of grandparents and other third-generation kin
- are culturally safe and appropriate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people and young parents from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds
- are inclusive of young fathers (when safe and appropriate. Effective strategies to engage young men include: having a mix of gender staff team; providing separate, male-only services; involving fathers initially through practical supports; and being flexible to accommodate young men who work.